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a non-standard and ill-defined meaning of the term 'the number of electrons'). But genuine physics questions talk about propositions that are right or wrong (and all the terms are well-defined and guaranteed to be measurable and meaningful by the person who asks) and the statements in the question above aren't really of that type (because the question deliberately wants to use e.g. So as a piece of physics art, the question could be said to be interesting, playful, B-graded, or something like that. But this is a server meant to answer questions and physics questions may only be answered when we deal with sufficiently well-defined theories and questions вЂ“ pretty much inevitably with theories forming the established body of knowledge. Sometimes, the path towards complete theories goes through vague ideas and feelings. Physics tries to achieve a certain precision and quantitative level of predictions. But physics doesn't quite work like that. But it has many 'exact clones' in the Universe.ДЄ meta-comment: I think that the question by the OP may be classified as a question of the type 'I invented an amusing vague meme that sounds a little bit like physics, and I ask others to show their excitement about it'. I suspect that the claim that there is only 'one Higgs boson' meant that so far, we have only discovered one 'type' or 'species' of the Higgs boson, the Higgs boson of the mass 125 GeV. They decay quickly but across the Universe, there are certainly many Higgs bosons at one moment. But even if one adopts the 'common' definition of $N_h$ that has $N_h=0$ in the vacuum, it's still possible to increase $N_h$ by producing new Higgs bosons, e.g. How many Higgs bosons the Universe has depends on various details of the definition. When it comes to the Higgs field filling the space, it has a 'vacuum expectation value' which may be viewed as a 'condensate of many Higgs bosons'. There is no useful sense in which the number of Higgs bosons is zero or one. The same thing holds for the Higgs bosons, however. To summarize, there is no useful sense in which the number of electrons only has to be zero or one. The total electric charge of the Universe is (basically) zero but one would have to include the particles of all other species to make Wheeler's idea viable. One problem is that the number of positrons that are left in the Universe is by far smaller than the number of electrons. This is mostly a popular physics meme only. According to Wheeler, you could have one electron going back and forth in time through spacetime, and it would manifest itself as all electrons and positrons in the world. Even more precisely, a positron may be viewed as an 'electron moving backwards in time'. It often makes sense to count the positron as 'minus one electron'. If there were (almost) as many positrons in the Universe as the number of electrons, the two terms would (almost) cancel, producing a very small $Q_e$. There exists not only $N_$, the number of 'electrons proper', but also the total charge carried by the electrons and positrons, The only extra subtleties is the existence of antiparticles of the electrons, the positrons. In quantum field theory, the number of electrons is a linear operator: in any quantum mechanical theory, every quantity that is observable by one measurement is represented by a linear Hermitian operator.

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Then add the free electrons, and so on, you will get a large number. Each atom with $Z$ protons in the nucleus contributes $Z$ electrons to the total number of electrons. Atomistix ToolKit is developed from the academic codes TranSIESTA and McDCal.The 'number of electrons' is normally an extremely useful and rather well-defined quantity and the number of electrons in the Universe is surely much greater than one. The numerical engine that carries out the actual simulations is Atomistix ToolKit, which combines density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's functions to ab initio electronic-structure and transport calculations. One can for example plot Bloch functions of nanotubes and crystals, molecular orbitals, electron densities, and effective potentials. Virtual NanoLab contains a 3D visualization tool, the Nanoscope, where atomic geometries and computed results can be viewed and analyzed. a nanostructure coupled to two electrodes) are built with a few mouse clicks. Samples such as molecules, nanotubes, crystalline systems, and two-probe systems (i.e.

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The software contains a set of interactive instruments that allows the user to design nanosystems, to set up and execute numerical calculations, and to visualize the results. With its graphical interface, Virtual NanoLab provides a user-friendly approach to atomic-scale modeling.

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